【语言与知识主题月】词向量表示实现简单的词性对比
才能我浪费99 发布于2020-07 浏览:5864 回复:5
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最后编辑于2022-04

1.功能描述:
词向量(Word embedding),又叫Word嵌入式自然语言处理(NLP)中的一组语言建模和特征学习技术的统称,其中来自词汇表的单词或短语被映射到实数的向量。 从概念上讲,它涉及从每个单词一维的空间到具有更低维度的连续向量空间的数学嵌入。
词向量表示功能:依托全网海量优质数据和深度神经网络技术,通过词语的向量化来实现文本的可计算,帮助您快速完成语义挖掘、相似度计算等应用

2.平台接入

具体接入方式比较简单,可以参考我的另一个帖子,这里就不重复了:
http://ai.baidu.com/forum/topic/show/943327

3.调用攻略(Python3)及评测

3.1首先认证授权:

在开始调用任何API之前需要先进行认证授权,具体的说明请参考:

http://ai.baidu.com/docs#/Auth/top

具体Python3代码如下:

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#!/usr/bin/env python

import urllib
import base64
import json
#client_id 为官网获取的AK, client_secret 为官网获取的SK
client_id =【百度云应用的AK】
client_secret =【百度云应用的SK】

#获取token
def get_token():
host = 'https://aip.baidubce.com/oauth/2.0/token?grant_type=client_credentials&client_id=' + client_id + '&client_secret=' + client_secret
request = urllib.request.Request(host)
request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json; charset=UTF-8')
response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
token_content = response.read()
#print (token_content)
if token_content:
token_info = json.loads(token_content)
token_key = token_info['access_token']
return token_key

3.2百度词向量表示接口调用:

详细说明请参考: https://ai.baidu.com/ai-doc/NLP/fk6z52elw

说明的比较清晰,这里就不重复了。

大家需要注意的是:词向量表示
API访问URL:https://aip.baidubce.com/rpc/2.0/nlp/v2/word_emb_vec

Body请求示例:

{
"word":"张飞"
}


Python3调用代码如下:

#保存图片
def word_emb_vec(word):
    token=get_token()
    url = 'https://aip.baidubce.com/rpc/2.0/nlp/v2/word_emb_vec'
    params = dict()
    params['word'] = word
    params = json.dumps(params).encode('utf-8')
    access_token = token
    url = url + "?access_token=" + access_token
    request = urllib.request.Request(url=url, data=params)
    request.add_header('Content-Type', 'application/json')
    response = urllib.request.urlopen(request)
    content = response.read()
    if content:
        content=content.decode('GBK')
        data = json.loads(content)
        print (data)
        vec=data['vec']
        
        return vec

得到词向量之后,可以通过对比词向量的余弦,查看两个词的相似性,代码如下

def get_cos(word1,word2):
    vector1=word_emb_vec(word1)
    vector2=word_emb_vec(word2)
    op7=np.dot(vector1,vector2)/(np.linalg.norm(vector1)*(np.linalg.norm(vector2)))
    print(op7)

4.功能评测:
首先看返回词向量的内容:
word_emb_vec('男人')
'vec': [0.14957, 0.0506594, 0.00590814, -0.741117, 0.0759627, -0.0763338, -0.0391505, 0.719658, -0.00874455, -0.0613591, 0.814288, 0.399113, 1.14151, 0.101542, -0.191723, -0.270611, 0.125958, 0.146356, 0.00681456, 0.245249, 0.32353, 0.308319, -0.186733, 0.203161, -0.224631, 0.0981015, 0.114921, -0.0798769, -0.36119, -0.354334, 0.759017, 0.853483, -0.0946948, -0.346782, -0.66278, -0.104744, 0.43147, -0.251805, -0.151215, 1.1425, -0.248728, -0.979987, -0.0917991, 0.0570076, 0.0750189, 0.0159285, -0.203256, -0.0640013, 0.0777781, 0.288224, -0.312974, 0.462127, 0.0324547, -0.112558, -0.569289, -0.154023, 0.60759, 0.267811, -0.472261, 0.0828524, 0.178171, -0.0482741, 0.0313408, 0.191465, -0.310401, 0.139544, 0.572285, -0.243615, 0.0993748, -0.114586, 0.348809, -0.143074, -0.147737, 0.297309, -0.383708, 0.00217513, 0.330906, -0.354153, 0.0169129, 0.0320543, 0.0686201, 0.134361, 0.00451721, -0.459966, 0.705804, -0.168291, -0.131499, 0.222965, -0.446353, 0.0917951, -0.902397, -0.772433, 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然后通过词向量对比不同词的相似性:
get_cos('男生','女生')
0.7354834999425102

get_cos('男生','天空')
0.04052168632494217

通过对比可以发现,相对于“天空”,“男生”与“女生”词性更加相近,这也符合我们的预期。

5.测试结论和建议
词向量计算是通过训练的方法,将语言词表中的词映射成一个长度固定的向量。词表中所有的词向量构成一个向量空间,每一个词都是这个词向量空间中的一个点,利用这种方法,实现文本的可计算。词向量是NLP的基础,词向量表示大大的方便了用户的使用。可以用于:
语义召回:对候选资源进行词向量表示,并构建向量表示基础上的快速索引召回技术,与传统的基于字词倒排索引方法不同,直接从语义相关性角度上给用户召回结果
个性化推荐:基于用户的历史行为建模用户兴趣表示,学习用户与推荐候选之间的兴趣匹配度,实现对用户的个性化推荐。

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共5条回复 最后由用户已被禁言回复于2022-04
#6worddict回复于2020-08

感觉很方便

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#5才能我浪费99回复于2020-07

这个功能方便了很多人

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#4才能我浪费99回复于2020-07

词向量需要大量的语料

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#3worddict回复于2020-07

词向量是NLP的基础

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#2worddict回复于2020-07

写的非常详细

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